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№ 1/2014
YURYK Yaryna Ivanivna1, BLYZNIUK Viktoriia Valeriyivna2
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
2Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
The quality of the workforce as a key factor of Ukraine's innovative development
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2014; 1:67-86 |
ABSTRACT ▼
Recently, in Ukraine, the commodity component of the economy has been growing against the background of a decrease in the innovative components of growth. Analyzing the indicators of Ukraine's competitiveness, we note that human capital does not meet the requirements of the innovation based model of economic development. This is the reason for the low competitiveness of domestic labor. The employment structure formed in Ukrainian economy during the transformation pe-riod is not optimal. It still does not meet the requirements of postindustrial society but, on the contrary contributes to the deindustrialization of labor. An analysis of occupational employment in Ukraine allows identifying the industries with a still strong demand for low-skilled labor. The leaders here are agriculture and light industry, and the enterprises produc-ing food and transport and communications. The authors have proven that the parameters of Ukraine's labor do not meet the requirements to ensure the competitiveness of the domestic workforce and innovative modernization of the economy.A feature of Ukrainian labor market is that employment does not depend on changes in output, which shows itself in the average coefficient of elasticity of employment changes to changes in GDP. In order to maintain stable employment in the Ukrainian labor market, employers are using, as adaptive tools, the hours of work and wages (in the form of payment arrears and wage freezing). We believe that the corresponding regulating practice does not create opportunities for effective employment restructuring, enhancing productivity and quality of work in the long run. The analysis allows us to provide a prospective evaluation of possible changes in the employment as regards professions and skills. In this paper, the authors have made a fore-cast on the baseline scenario in which the current trends hold. By the end of the forecast period, we can expect some increase in the share of employment in all sectors except agri-culture and industry. In general, as expected, there will remain a significant share of em-ployment in the material production, and, as regards the non-production sphere, here most labor will be employed in trade. A strong demand for low-skilled labor requiring no high educational level will be expected in the forecast period.Growth will hold in the shares of the employed in trade and services, professionals, lawyers, executives and managers. On the contrary, the share of skilled workers will. This demonstrates an aggravated distortion in the occupational structure of the employment and its decoupling with the innovation model of economic development. It is necessary to introduce a selective policy aimed at stimulating the progressive change in the social and labor issues due to the innovative element of employment are in certain regions and sectors. The main criterion for the implementation of innovation is to create an effective, economic job. Especially labor market needs training programs corre-sponding to the priorities of economic development, new sectors and forms of employment
Keywords:labor market, demand for labor, occupational structure of employment, professional development, productivity, wages
JEL: J240
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 67 - 86) | Download | Downloads :874 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Petrova, I.L. (2012). Labor market. The social consequences of Ukraine's European integration. Kyiv: Fond Fridriha Eberta [in Ukrainian].
3. Lisogor, L.S. (2010). The labor market and employment: problems of theory and practice challenges. Kyiv: IPK DSZU [in Ukrainian].
4. Onikijenko,V.V., Tkachenko,L.G. Jemel'janenko,L.M. (2007). The development of the labor market in Ukraine: Trends and Prospects. Kyiv: Council for study of productive forces of Ukraine,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].
5. Blyznjuk, V.V. (2011). Human potential: peculiarities of formation for modernization. Ekonomika i prognozuvann? – Economy and forecasting, 4, 106–116 [in Ukrainian].
№ 1/2015
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Assessment and comparative analysis of the severity of Ukraine's legislation on employment protection
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2015; 1:23-39 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2015.01.023 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article presents the results of an evaluation of the severity of the legal protection of employment in Ukraine. In order to place the Ukrainian figures in the comparative context, the author uses the corresponding OECD methodology.
Besides, an inter-country analysis of the basic elements of the employment protection legislation has been made, including: the list of possible reasons or grounds for dismissal; requirements for the procedure of employ-ment termination; requirements for mandatory advance notification of dismissal with a specified interval and sev-erance payments; additional requirements for collective dismissals; and regulation of temporary employment.
The main finding of the study is the fact that, in Ukraine, the de jure regulation of employment is excessively severe.
Further calculation of the indicators of employment protection based on empirical studies will make it possi-ble to reveal the strength and direction of the impact of the current national labor legislation on the key indicators of Ukraine's labor market and develop proposals to reform the labor relations.
Keywords: legislation on employment protection, OECD methodology, index of EPL, severity rating of Ukrainian labor legislation
JEL: J83, J88, К31
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 23 - 39) | Download | Downloads :1057 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Feldmann, H. (2005). Labour Market Institutions and Labour Market Performance in Transition Countries. Post-Communist Economies, 17:1, 47-82. doi: doi.org/10.1080/14631370500052720
3. Heckman, J., Pagés, C. (2000). The Cost of Job Security Regulation: Evidence from Latin American Labor Markets. NBER Working Paper, 7773. doi: doi.org/10.3386/w7773
4. Heckman, J., Pagés, C. (2003). Law and Employment: Lessons from Latin America and the Carribean. NBER Working Paper, 10129. doi: doi.org/10.3386/w10129
5. Nicoletti, G., Scarpetta, S., Boylaud, O. (2000). Summary Indicators of Product Market Regulation with an Extension to Employment Protection Legislation. OECD Economics Department Working Paper, 226. doi: doi.org/10.1787/215182844604
6. Scarpetta, S. (1996). Assessing the Role of Labour Market Policies and Institutional Settings on Unemployment: A Cross-Country Study. OECD Economic Studies, 26, 43-98.
7. Mironenko, O.N. (2009). The impact of employment protection legislation on employment and unemployment: the experience of cross-country comparisons. Jekonomicheskij zhurnal VshJe – HSE Economic Journal, 4, 575-595 [in Russian].
8. Mironenko, O.N. (2009). The impact of employment protection legislation on the labor market: the experience of cross-country comparisons. Moscow: Izd. dom Vysshej shkoly jekonomiki [in Russian].
9. OECD Employment Outlook (2008). Paris: OECD publishing.
10. OECD Employment Outlook (2013). Paris: OECD publishing.
11. The Labour Code of Ukraine: the Code of Ukraine on 10.12.1971 No 322-VIII. Retrieved from zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/kodeks%20zakoniv%20pro%20pratsiu [in Ukrainian].
12. Law of Ukraine On status and social protection of citizens affected by the Chernobyl disaster from 28.02.1991 No 796-XII. Retrieved from zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/796-12/page [in Ukrainian].
13. Law of Ukraine On Trade Unions, their Rights and Guarantees from 15.09.1999 No 1045-XIV. Retrieved from zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1045-14 [in Ukrainian].
14. Bojko, M.D. (2007). Comparative Labor Law. Kyiv: Atika [in Ukrainian].
15. Law of Ukraine On civil service from 16.12.1993 No 3723-XII. Retrieved from zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3723-12/page [in Ukrainian].
16. Law of Ukraine On Employment from 5.07.2012 No 5067-VI. Retrieved from zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5067-17 [in Ukrainian].
17. Private Employment Agencies. ILO Convention number 181 of 19/06/1997. Retrieved from zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/993_046 [in Ukrainian].
№ 3/2016
YURYK Yaryna Ivanivna1, KUZMENKO G. 2
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
2Alior Bank S.A., Poland
Creating a scoring model to assess risk events on the labor market
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2016; 3:107-118 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2016.03.107 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The study's main goal is testing the creation of a scoring model to meet the challenges of forecasting, classification and diagnosis of risk events on the labor market. Particularly, the given model includes joint influence of socio-demographic and skill based characteristics of the employees, provides a point based ranking of the workers by the risk (probability) of the loss of job (unemployment).
The given model not only allows structuring the process of preparing possible solutions for the risk management, but also provides a basis for the preliminary assessment of significance of the employees' characteristics, supposedly related to the probability of their transition to the unemployed.
The use of scoring models as a tool of assessing the risk events in the labor market may be useful both for public institutions, for example employment services, and for the employers.
Keywords: scoring model, risk, labor market, unemployment
JEL: C25, Е24, E27
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 107 - 118) | Download | Downloads :1092 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Kaminskyi, A. B., Pysanets, K. K. (2012). Scoring technologies in credit risk-management. Biznes Inform – Business Inform, 4, 197–201 [in Ukrainian].
3. Kovalev, M., Korzhenevskaya, V. (2008). Method of construction a bank scoring model to assess the creditworthiness of individuals. Banki Kazahstana – Banks of Kazakhstan, 1, 43–48 [in Russian].
4. Kristiohlo, G. M. (2007). Using scoring models under uncertainty and risk of consumer credit. Formuvannia rynkovykh vidnosyn v Ukraini – Formation of Market Relations in Ukraine, 7 (74), 86–90 [in Ukrainian].
5. Sonnikova, V. I., Kulidzhoglyan, K. O. (2013). Model of credit scoring as algorithm of typology of fuzzy aggregations. Vestnik NGUJeU – Vestnik NSUEM, 3, 107–117 [in Russian].
6. Ulanov, S. V. (2009). Evaluation of the scoring card quality. Jekonomicheskie nauki – Economic sciences, 9 (58), 330–335 [in Russian].
7. Abdou, H. A., Pointon, J. (2011). Credit scoring, statistical techniques and evaluation criteria: a review of the literature. Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management Intell. Sys. Acc. Fin. Mgmt., 18 (2–3), 59–88. doi: doi.org/10.1002/isaf.325
8. Anderson, R. (2007). The credit scoring toolkit: theory and practice for retail credit risk management and decision automation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Hand, D. J., Henley, W. E. (1997). Statistical Classification Methods in Consumer Credit Scoring: A Review. J Royal Statistical Soc A Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 160 (3), 523–541. doi: doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985X.1997.00078.x
10. Liu, Y. (2001). New issues in credit scoring application. Research paper 16/2001. Institute of Information Systems, University of Gottingen.
11. Liu, Y. (2002). A framework of data mining application process for credit scoring. Research paper 01/2002. Institute of Information Systems, University of Gottingen.
12. Liu, Y. (2002). The evaluation of classification models for credit scoring. Research paper 02/2002. Institute of Information Systems, University of Gottingen.
13. Lewis, E. M. (1992). An introduction to credit scoring. San Rafael, CA: Athena Press.
14. Mays, E. (Ed). (2001). Handbook of credit scoring. Chicago: Glenlake Pub.
15. Siddiqi, N. (2006). Credit risk scorecards: developing and implementing intelligent credit scoring. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
16. Sohn, S. Y., Kim, D. H., & Yoon, J. H. (2016). Technology credit scoring model with fuzzy logistic regression. Applied Soft Computing, 43, 150–158. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.025
17. Thomas, L. C. (2000). A survey of credit and behavioral scoring: forecasting financial risk of lending to consumers. International Journal of Forecasting, 16 (2), 149–172. doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2070(00)00034-0
18. Thomas, L. C., Edelman, D. B., & Crook, J. N. (2002). Credit Scoring and Its Applications. Series: Mathematical Modeling and Computation. doi: doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898718317
19. Kebebew, E. (2006). Predictors of single-gland vs multigland parathyroid disease in primary hyperparathyroidism. Arch Surg Archives of Surgery, 141 (8), 777–782. doi: doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.141.8.777
20. Milchakov, K. S., Shebalkov, M. P. (2015). Scorecards in medicine: analytic review. Vrach i informacionnye tehnologii – Doctor and information technology, 1, 71–79 [in Russian].
21. Malthouse, E. C. (1999). Ridge regression and direct marketing scoring models. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 13 (4), 10–23. doi: doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6653(199923)13:4<10::AID-DIR2>3.0.CO;2-3
22. Malthouse, E. C. (2001). Assessing the performance of direct marketing scoring models. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15 (1), 49–62. doi: doi.org/10.1002/1520-6653(200124)15:1<49::AID-DIR1003>3.0.CO;2-F
№ 4/2017
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Employment in Ukrainian transport sector: size, quality parameters and structural-dynamic characteristics
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2017; 4:93-108 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2017.04.093 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article presents the results of a study on the size, qualitative parameters and structural-dynamic characteristics of the employment in Ukraine's transport sector. The author analyzes the peculiarities in the distribution of structural changes that have taken place in the sectoral, professional and educational composition of this country's transport labor and measures their depth. The structural shifts are considered as a result of the redistribution of labor between industries, professions and educational levels, as well as employment circulation between different professional and educational segments within the subsectors of Ukrainian transport complex.
Applying the simulation of multiplicative factor systems and the method of decomposition according to the scheme of isolated influence of factors, the author estimates intensity and direction of the changes in the professional characteristics of the employed in Ukraine's transport sector in connection with its branch restructuring. In addition, the article reveals the nature of the interaction between the educational structure of this country's transport labor and the inter-sectoral and inter-professional shifts in the employment.
An imbalance has been revealed in the distribution of Ukrainian employed in the transport sector by professions and education level, and the determination of the nature of these differences made it possible to make reasonable assumptions about their causes and ways of their mitigation.
The main empirical base that made it possible to carry out the presented research is the materials of population surveys on economic activity. And the obtained data array on the dynamics and characteristics of the labor employed in Ukraine's transport sector provides rich analytical material that can be used in determining a government employment policy to be aimed at solving urgent problems of the national labor market.
Keywords: employment, structural changes, Ukraine's transport sector
JEL: J 21
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 93 - 108) | Download | Downloads :812 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Kompaniiets', V.V. (2010). Strategy of still human development and change in the personnel training of railway transport. Visnyk ekonomiky transportu ta promyslovosti – The bulletin of transport and industry economics, 31, 203-211 [in Ukrainian].
3. Lyfar', V.V. (2014). Forming the competitive labor potential of the region's transport industry. Ekonomika i rehion – Economics and region, 3, 52-56 [in Ukrainian].
4. Plietnykova, I.L. (2008). The improvement of the personnel potential assessment methodology enterprises of railway transport. Visnyk Khmel'nyts'koho natsional'noho universytetu. Ekonomichni nauky – Herald of Khmelnytskyi national university. Economic Sciences, 4 (2), 52-56 [in Ukrainian].
5. Semeniak, M.M. (2013). Intelligent staffing component of railway transport of Ukraine. Visnyk Universitetu bankivs'koi spravy – Journal of the banking university, 2, 273-276 [in Ukrainian].
6. Semeniak, M.M. (2013). Personnel provision of the Ukrzaliznytsia in the conditions of railway transport reform. Visnyk ekonomiky transportu i promyslovosti – The bulletin of transport and industry economics, 41, 125-130 [in Ukrainian].
7. Tokmakova, I.V. (2013). The motivation of the labor behaviour of the enterprises of a railway transportation in the conditions of reforming. Visnyk ekonomiky transportu i promyslovosti – The bulletin of transport and industry economics, 44, 286-298 [in Ukrainian].
8. Tiutiunyk, O.V. (2012). Using methods of financial incentives railway employees in terms of reform. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats' Derzhavnoho ekonomiko-tekhnolohichnoho universytetu transportu. Ser. Ekonomika i upravlinnia – Proceedings of the state economic and technological university of transport. Avg. Economics and management, 21-22 (2), 74-78 [in Ukrainian].
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10. Kapeljushnikov, R. (2006). Composition of russian employment: specifics and dynamics. Voprosyj ekonomiki – Voprosy ekonomiki, 10, 19-40 [in Russian].
11. Shestakov, M.A. (2010). Structural changes in the economic and their impact on youth employment. Vestnik nauchno-issledovatel'skogo institute truda I social'nogo strahovanija – Herald of the research institute of labor and social insurance, 2-3 (3-4), 106-115 [in Russian].
12. Yuryk, Ya.I., Kuz'menko, H.H. (2016). Creating a scoring model to assess risk events on the labor market. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Economy and forecasting, 3, 107-118. doi: doi.org/10.15407/eip2016.03.107 [in Ukrainian].
№ 4/2018
BLYZNIUK Viktoriia Valeriyivna1, YURYK Yaryna Ivanivna2
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
2Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Asymmetricity in the development of the industrial segment of Ukrainian labor market
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2018; 4:65-80 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2018.04.065 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article deals with the scale, qualitative parameters and structural and dynamic characteristics of employment in the industrial complex of Ukraine, as well as identifies the imbalances of the sectoral labor market and determines the mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of its functioning.
The authors consider asymmetries of the industrial segment of the labor market through the prism of the structural mismatch between demand and supply of labor resources due to low labor mobility, ineffective system of vocational training and limited access to information from the labor market.
The nature of the identified imbalances in the distribution of the employed in Ukraine's industrial complex by activities, occupations, levels of education and wages, as well as types of workplaces allowed reasonable assumptions about their causes and ways of mitigation.
The article presents estimations of the modernization potential of Ukrainian industry in the context of studying the asymmetry of using its labor force. According to the results of analytical calculations, the authors reveal an increase in incentives to create jobs in the extractive and processing industries, while, in electricity, gas and steam and water supply and waste management, on the contrary, such incentives were few, and opportunities for production accumulation were lower than in the extractive and processing industries, which caused a limited modernization potential.
Special attention is given paid to the assessment of the impact of structural changes in employ-ment by activity on the change in labor productivity in Ukrainian industry, which in turn allowed to determine the realocation effect of labor force from low to high performance activities as an important factor in improving the efficiency of operation and development of the industry. Incentives for the redistribution of employment from low to high productivity activities should stem from the formation of an institutional environment that would promote consistent improvement of the quality of jobs, as well as expansion and creation of new productive jobs and decrease in the number of ineffective ones. In this context, of particular importance are the development of financial institutions, access to credit, and the rule of law.
Keywords: imbalance, demand, supply, labor market, wages, labor productivity, industry
JEL: J21, J24
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 65 - 80) | Download | Downloads :720 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Lisohor, L.S. (2010). Harmonization of Labor Market Flexibility and Social Protection of Workers in Ukraine: Problems and Perspectives. Formuvannia rynkovoi ekonomiky – Formation of a market economy, 3, 168-175 [in Ukrainian].
3. Anxo, D., Ericson, T., & Jolivet, A. (2012). Working longer in European countries: Underestimated and unexpected effects. International Journal of Manpower, 33(6), 612-628. doi: doi.org/10.1108/01437721211261787
4. Amosha, O.I. et al. (2017). Industry of Ukraine – 2016: state and prospects of development: scientific and analytical report. Kyiv: NAS of Ukraine, Institute of industrial economics [in Ukrainian].
5. Halchynskyi, A.S. (2010). Economic methodology. Logic update: course of lectures. Kyiv: ADEF-Ukraina [in Ukrainian].
6. Kapelyushnikov, R. (2009). Productivity and Labor Compensation in Russia: How to Cope with Statistical Illusions. Voprosyj ekonomiki – Economics, 4, 59-79 [in Russian].
7. Kapelyushnikov, R. (2014). Labor productivity versus labor compensation: some simple arithmetic. National Research University Higher School of Economics Working paper WP3/2014/01. Moscow: Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics [in Russian].
8. Blyzniuk, V.V. (2011). Human Potential: Peculiarities of the Formation in the Context of Modernization. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Economy and forecasting, 4, 106-116 [in Ukrainian].
9. Yuryk, Ya.I., Blyzniuk, V.V. (2014). The Quality of the Workforce as a Key Factor of Ukraine's Innovative Development. Ekon.prognozuvannâ – Economy and forecasting, 1, 67-86 [in Ukrainian].
10. Denison, E.F. (1962). The Sources of Economic Growth in The United States and the Alternatives before Us. New York: Committee for Economic Development.
11. Denison, E.F. (1967). Why Growth Rates Differ: Postwar Experience in Nine Western Countries. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
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14. Sharpe, A., Thomson, E. (2010). Insights into Canada's Abysmal Post-2000 Productivity Performance from Decompositions of Labour Productivity Growth by Industry and Province. International Productivity Monitor, 20, 48-67.
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16. Dumagan, Jesus C. (2013). A Generalized Exactly Additive Decomposition of Aggregate Labor Productivity Growth. Review of Income and Wealth, 59(1), 157-168. doi: doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2012.00511.x
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18. Yuryk, Ya. (2018). Decomposition of growth rates of aggregate labor productivity in Ukraine. International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Economic Practices "Economic growth in conditions of globalization: sustainable development models" (13th edition), II, 184-189. Chisinau: INC [in Russian].
№ 2/2019
BLYZNIUK Viktoriia Valeriyivna1, YURYK Yaryna Ivanivna2
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
2Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Educational and qualificational disproportions of Ukraine’s regional labor market
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2019; 2:101-119 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2019.02.101 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article deals with educational and qualificational features and disproportions of the regional labor market. The authors reveal and summarize the features of structural and dynamic characteristics of the labor market in an industrial region (Zaporizhzhya region), and professional and sectoral structure of the employed and unemployed population. The disproportionality between regional distribution of vocational education and demand for skilled labor is considered in the context of the uneven distribution of employees by professions and economic activities, which led to distortions in the quantitative and qualitative structure of the labor market and further aggravated the mismatch between the level of labor’s skills and the needs of employers at the regional level.
The paper substantiates the conclusion about the autonomy of the trajectories of vocational education development in the region and the labor market of worker professions, which shows up in the excessive qualification of the employed population in the region.
Based on the results of analytical calculations, the authors identified and fully characterized the professional "core" of the Zaporizhzhya region, which covers no less than 80% of all employed in the worker professions and identified, in its structure, the most wide spread professions in the region. The comparative characteristic of the professional "core" with the need of employers and their salary proposals allowed to identify the bottlenecks of the occupational structure of employment in the region.
Since the training of workers in accordance with the policy of decentralization is a prerogative of local authorities, it is at the regional level that workers should be trained to ensure the replenishment of a professional "core". The authors prove that the system of worker training in Zaporizhzhya region is not able to bring the training of skilled workers in line with the needs of the labor market. It is the social dialogue with all stakeholders in the region that acquire particular importance for the modernization of the content of educational policy.
Keywords: imbalance, demand, supply, professional workers, regional labor market
JEL: J21, J23, J24
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 101 - 119) | Download | Downloads :785 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Lisogor, L. (2015). European Experience of Skills Anticipation: Lessons for Ukraine. Demohrafiia ta sotsialna ekonomika – Demography and Social Economy, 1 (23), 163-172. doi: doi.org/10.15407/dse2015.01.163
3. Shaulska, L., Yakymova, N. (2015). Formation of educational potential of sustainable development. Scientific letters of academic society of Michal Baludansky, 3: 3, 140-146.
4. Ilich, L.M. (2015). Harmonization of Qualifications Taking into Account the Labor Market Needs: Problems and Solutions. Demohrafiia ta sotsialna ekonomika – Demography and Social Economy, 3(25), 173-184. doi: doi.org/10.15407/dse2015.03.012 [in Ukrainian].
5. Amosha, O.I., Shamileva, L.L. (2016). Development of labor potential of industry on the basis of social responsibility: conceptual and scientific-methodical support. Bulletin of Economic Science of Ukraine. Visnyk ekonomichnoi nauky Ukrainy – Bulletin of Economic Science of Ukraine, 2 (31), 3-8 [in Ukrainian].
6. Blyzniuk, V.V., Yuryk, Ya.I. (2018). Asymmetric development of the industrial segment of the Ukrainian labor market. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Economy and forecasting, 4, 65-80. doi: doi.org/10.15407/eip2018.04.065 [in Ukrainian].
7. Turin Process 2016. Ukraine. Regional level. Analysis of the system of vocational education in the Zaporizhzhya region (2016). European Education Foundation Project "Turin Process 2016-17". Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, European Foundation for Education. Kyiv: Vik prynt [in Ukrainian].
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10. Rastegaeva, A.V. (2017). Professional-qualification imbalance as a factor of precarisation of labor. Vestnik Saratovskogogo sudarstvennogo socialno-jekonomicheskogo universiteta – Vestnik Saratov state social economic university, 5(69). Retrieved from cyberleninka.ru/article/n/professionalno-kvalifikatsionnyy-disbalans-kak-faktor-prekarizatsii-truda [in Russian].
11. Polachek, S.W. (1981). Occupational Self-Selection: a Human Capital Approach to Sex Differences in Occupational Structure. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 63, 60-69. doi: doi.org/10.2307/1924218
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13. Freeman, R. (1976). The overeducated American. New York: Academic Press.
14. Hartog, J. (2000). Over-education and earnings: Where are we, where should we go? Economics of Education Review, 19: 2, 131-47. doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7757(99)00050-3
15. Sloane, P.J. (2003). Much ado about nothing? What does the over-education literature really tell us? In Büchel, F. et al. (Eds) Over-education in Europe (p. 11-48). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
16. Leuven, E. And Oosterbeek, H. (2011). Overeducation and mismatch in the labor market. In Hanushek, E.A., Machin, S. And Woessmann, L. (Eds). Handbook of the Economics of Education (vol. 4, p. 283-326). Amsterdam: Elsevier. doi: doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53444-6.00003-1
17. Feiler, L. (2014). Skills needs identification and anticipation policies and practices in the Eastern Partnership Region: Cross-country report. Brussels: European Communities.
18. Skills needs identification and skills matching in South Eastern Europe (2016). European Training Foundation. Retrieved from www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/m/52A4B230DF6113F1C125805A005567B3_Skills%20needs%20identification%20and%20matching%20SEE.pdf
19. Onyschenko, O. (2018). What prevents universities from providing high-quality education? Dzerkalo tyzhnia. Ukraina – Mirror of the week. Ukraine, 33. Retrieved from dt.ua/EDUCATION/scho-zavazhaye-universitetam-davati-yakisnu-osvitu-287760_.html [in Ukrainian].
№ 4/2019
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Professional gender segregation in the labor market of Ukraine
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2019; 4:104-120 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2019.04.104 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The focus of the presented study is to identify the extent, nature of changes and determinants of professional gender segregation in the Ukrainian labor market, as well as to search for effective ways of equalizing gender disparities in the opportunities and results of male and female employment.
The analysis of the gender professional structure of employment of the population of Ukraine, as well as the concentration of men and women in different occupational groups made it possible to reveal asymmetry in gender based distribution of work, as well as to identify the so-called "female" and "male" types of employment. In addition, it was established to what extent gender groups were involved in the overall shifts in the professional composition of this country's labor force.
With the use of Duncan Dissimilation Index, the author traces how changes in popula-tion employment have manifested themselves in the dynamics of the level of occupational gender segregation in the Ukrainian labor market.
It was found that the increase in the level of occupational gender segregation, which occurred during the period of study period, was caused by shifts in the general structure of occupations, while changes in the occupational concentration of men and women somewhat mitigated the gender imbalances.
It is shown that employment in Ukraine is gender segregated not only horizontally but also vertically and the author estimates the vertical gender segregation. Identified the determinants of vertical professional distribution of men and women. And the distribution of the influence of the workers' personal characteristics and their workplace parameters on the probability of job promotion with the consequences of discrimination in the domestic labor market made it possible to establish that the barriers to women's career growth are largely related to prejudiced attitudes and gender stereotypes about kinds of job suitable women.
Defined possible guidelines for equalizing the identified gender imbalances in employment and ensuring equal opportunities for men and women in the sphere of labor.
Keywords:professional gender segregation, concentration, structure, employment, Ukrainian labor market
JEL: J16
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 104 - 120) | Download | Downloads :714 |
REFERENCES ▼
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№ 4/2020
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE AND FORMATION OF INSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS OF ITS MINIMIZATION
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2020; 4:36-59 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.04.036 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article presents the results of the study on the structure and scale of spread of informal employment in Ukrainian labor market. Based on the analysis of the received estimates, the author makes a social and economic profile of the average worker involved in informal labor relations. The peculiarity of the study is that all estimates are considered separately for hired labor and self-employment, which allows to identify the internal heterogeneity of the structure of informal employment in Ukraine.
According to the results of the econometric modeling, the main socio-economic, demographic, settlement, professional and sectoral factors that determine the involvement of the individual in informal employment in Ukraine are identified.
Described the basics of legal regulation of labor relations as a formal institution influencing the dynamics of informal employment. Established the relationship between the level of flexibility in the regulation of the labor market in the country and the extent of informal employment among its population. It has been shown that in economies with flexible regulation, as a rule, informal employment is lower.
Based on assessments and analysis of the flexibility of labor market regulation in Ukraine by such components as hiring, working hours and staff reductions (rules and costs), bottlenecks in the national legislation have been identified that can cause increased informal employment, which in turn helped determine the main institutional conditions for its minimization.
Keywords:informal employment, employees, self-employment, microdeterminants, flexibility of labor market regulation
JEL: J46, С25, К31
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 36 - 59) | Download | Downloads :549 |
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17. Mironenko, O. N. (2009). The Impact of Employment Protection Legislation on Employment and Unemployment: The Experience of Cross-Country Comparisons. Jekonomicheskij zhurnal VshJe – HSE Economic Journal, 4, 575-595 [in Russian].
18. Yuryk, Ya.I. (2015). Assessment and Comparative Analysis of the Severity of Ukraine's Legislation on Employment Protection. Ekon. Prognozuvannâ – Economy and Forecasting, 1, 23-39. doi.org/10.15407/eip2015.01.023 [in Ukrainian].
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26. Kreiner, C.T., Reck, D., Skov, P.E. (2017). Do Lower Minimum Wages for Young Workers Raise their Employment? Evidence from a Danish Discontinuity. CEPR unpublished paper. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3255446
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№ 4/2022
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Inter-status mobility in Ukraine’s labor market
Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2022; 4:65-87 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2022.04.065 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article studies the functioning of Ukraine’s labor market in 2019–2021 through the prism of the status flows of labor force, for which various methodological techniques of analytical research are consistently applied, which, complementing each other, allow analyzing the flows from different angles of view. So, using micro data on labor force indicators and their characteristics, probabilistic matrices of transitions of Ukraine’s population between employment, unemployment and economic inactivity are constructed, assuming that such transitions occur according to the Markov process. As a result, the scope, nature and dominant vectors of the movements of Ukrainians between the three main statuses on the labor market are revealed. Based on the algorithms for calculating Shorrock’s indices – proxy indices of mobility, the author carries out an integral assessment of the intensity of inter-status movement in Ukraine’s labor market. A similar assessment for a number of European countries makes it possible to propose a basis for cross-country comparison of the level of mobility in Ukraine. Using economic-mathematical modeling of multiple choice, the author reveals socio-demographic factors determining the individual's status on Ukraine’s labor market, and in so doing also answers the question of stability of the observed status.
It is shown that the analysis of inter-status mobility of labor force provides a powerful basis for better understanding of the functioning of the labor market, characterizes the mechanisms of adaptation of the latter and allows observing the direction and intensity of flows behind any specific change in gross employment, unemployment or economic inactivity, which makes relevant policy measures on the labor market more targeted. In particular, since the analyzed period was marked by increased unemployment in Ukraine, the author establishes the role of flows in the above mentioned dynamics and in the distribution of the risk of job loss, taking into account such socio-demographic characteristics of individuals as gender, age and education level. Understanding such connections is important for developing high quality solutions aimed at reducing unemployment in the country.
Keywords:mobility, labor force, employment, unemployment, economic inactivity, labor market, Ukraine
JEL: J21, J60
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 65 - 87) | Download | Downloads :141 |
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