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№ 3/2003
1National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy
Knowledge economy: theory and state policy
| Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2003; 3:71-86 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The author considers methodological essence and genesis of the modern new theory of economic growth policy - the concept of the knowledge economy. He justifies the conclusion that this concept’s basic characteristic is efficient use of knowledge to attain a high competitiveness of the national production. The author shows that the concept of knowledge economy has generalized the new trends and regularities of the world economic development in the last quarter of the XX century. He reveals the urgent character of this concept’s realization in Ukraine through the creation of an integral national system for strategic management of global competitiveness in the context of Eurointegration.
Keywords:
| Article in Ukrainian (pp. 71 - 86) | Download | Downloads :661 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. The New Knowledge Economy in Europe. A Strategy for International Competitiveness and Social Cohesion. Ed. by Maria J Rodriges, Edward Elgar Pbl, 2002.
3. Knowledge Economy II Forum “Implementing Knowledge Economy Strategies, Innovation, Life-Long Learning, Partnerships, Networks, and Inclusion”, Helsinki, March 25–28, 2003 (materialy Forumu ta inshi, sho stosuiutsia problem znannievoi ekonomiky, predstavleni na spetsialnomu Veb-sayti, www.helsinkikef.org ).
4. Towards a European Research Area. Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures 2002, European Communities, 2002.
5. Science and Engineering Indicators , 2002, NSF, National Science Board, 2002, Appendix table 6–1.
6. Human Development Report 2003, Millennium Development Goals, A Compact among Nations to End Human Poverty, UNDP, Oxford Press, 2003.
7. Zvit pro svitovyi rozvytok, Vazhke zavdannia rozvytku, per. z angl, K.; Abrys, 1994.
8. Mankiv, Gregori N. Makroekonomika Per. z angl.; Nauk. red. per. S.Panchyshyna, K., Osnovy, 2000, S. 155–160.
9. Denison, Edward F. Accounting for United States Economic Growth, 1929–1969, Brookings, Washington D.C, 1974.
10. Solow, Robert M. Growth theory, an exposition 2-d ed, Oxford University Press, Inc, 2000.
11. Freeman C. The factory of the future and the productivity paradox in Information and Communication Technologies, Visions and Realities, W.H. Dutton (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996, pp. 123–142.
12. Freeman C, Soete L. Fast Structural Change and Slow Productivity Change, Some Paradoxes in the Economics of Information Technology Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 1990, N1, pp. 225–242.
13. Nureev R. Teorii razvitiya, novye modeli ekonomicheskogo rosta (vklad chelovecheskogo kapitala), Ekonomist, 2000, № 9.
14. Aghion, P, and P. Howitt. Endogenous Growth Theory, Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 1998; Grossman, G, and E. Helpman. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambrodge, Mass., The MIT Press, 1991.
15. Romer P.M. Endogenous Technological Change, Journal of Political Economy 98, pp. 71–102, 1990.
16. Ekonomichna otsinka derzhavnykh priorytetiv tekhnologichnogo rozvytku, Za red. d-ra ekon. nauk Yu.M.Bazhala, K., In-t ekon. prognozuv, 2002, 320 s.
17. Ekonomika Ukrainy, pidsumky peretvoren ta perspektyvy zrostannia, Za red. akademika NAN Ukrainy V.M.Geytsia, Kh., Fort, 2000, S. 330–339.
№ 4/2009
1National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy
The ways to raise the value of human capital in a transition economy
| Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2009; 4:5-32 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The authors have made a theoretical analysis of economic processes emerging on the labor market with surpassing (exogenous) increase in labor compensation as a preventive policy of economic growth, in particular, with the use of a tool of fixing minimal wage; it is proved that its increase may be used as an effective method of exogenous influence on the value of human capital in Ukraine
Keywords:
| Article in Ukrainian (pp. 5 - 32) | Download | Downloads :743 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Solow, R.M. Lowwage Work in Europe and America, The Nobel Laureate Meetings at Lindau, 2008, <www.lindaunobel.de>
3. Low Wage Work in the Wealthy World, Jerom Gautie and John Schmitt (editors), The Russel Sage Foundation, 2009, 288 p.
4. Global Wage Report 2008 2009. Minimum wages and collective bargaining: Towards policy coherence, International Labour Office, Geneva, 2008, 106 p.
5. Belton, M, Fleisher, Th, Kneisner, L. Labor Economics: Theory, Evidence and Policy, N.Y., Prentice Hall, 1984. ? 768 p.
6. Blanchflower, D.G, Oswald, A.J. The wage curve, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1990, 92, P. 215–235.
7. Blanchflower, D.G. Unemployment, wellbeing, and wage curves in Eastern and Central Europe, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2001, 15, P. 364–402.
8. MontuegaGomez, V.M, RamosParreno, J.M. Reconciling the wage curve and the Phillips curve , Journal of Economic Surveys, 2005, 19, P. 735–736.
9. Blanchflower, D.G, Oswald, A.J. Estimating a wage curve for Britain , Economic Journal, 1994, 104, P. 1025–1043.
10. Chamberlin, G, Yueh, L. Macroeconomics, N.Y., Thomson Learning, 2006, 582 p.
11. Shapiro, C, Stiglitz, J.E. Equilibrium unemployment as a worker discipline device, American Economic Review, 1984, 73, P. 433–444.
12. Blyzniuk V.V. Liudskyi kapital yak faktor ekonomichnogo rozvytku (evoliutsiia metodologichnykh pidkhodiv ta suchasnist), Ekonomika i prognozuvannia, 2005, № 2, S. 64–79.
13. Doslidzhennia problem oplaty pratsi : porivnialnyi analiz (Ukraina ta krainy YeS),z Za zag. red. A. M. Kolota, G. T. Kulikova, Derzh. vysh. navch. zaklad "Kyivskyi nats. ekon. unt im. V. Getmana", Derzh. ustanova "Int ekon. ta prognozuvannia NAN Ukrainy", K.,: KNEU, 2008, 274 s.
14. Liudskyi rozvytok v Ukraini: innovatsiynyi vymir, red.: E.M. Libanova; Int demografii ta sots. doslidzh. NAN Ukrainy, Progr. rozv. OON v Ukraini, K., 2008, 316 c.
15. Ukraine: Building Foundations for Sustainable Growth. Country Economic Memorandum, World Bank, Washington, DC, 2004.
16. Enhancing Job Opportunities: Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, World Bank, Washington, D.C, 2005.
17. Konings, J, Kupets, O. and Lehmann, H. Gross Job Flows in Ukraine: Size, Ownership and Trade Effects, Economics of Transition, 2003, 11 (2), P. 321-356.
18. Brown, D. and Earl, J. Job Reallocation and Productivity Growth in the Ukrainian Transition, IZA Discussion Paper No. 1349, Bonn, 2004.
19. Tito, B. and Terrell, K. Institutional Determinants of Labor Reallocation in Transition, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2002, 16 (1), P.
20. Brown, D, John Earle, J. and Telegdy, A. Employment and Wage Effects of Privatization: Evidence from Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine, CERT Discussion Papers, No. 0807, 2008, <www.sml.hw.ac.uk/cert/wpa/2008/dp0807.pdf>.
21. Raiser, M. Are Wages in Ukraine too Low? And What Could Be Done to Increase Them?, World Bank, Working Paper No. 47372, 2007, <go.worldbank.org/ NC0EGSHXG0>.
22. Policy Recommendations on Economic and Institutional Reforms 2009, UNDP Blue Ribbon Analytical and Advisory Centre, Kyiv, April, 2009, Subsection 15.5.
23. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, 15 July 2005, CIA, World Fact Book 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, <www.ggdc.net/dseries/totecon.html>.
24. Resnicoff, M. European Union Minimum Monthly Salaries, 2008, <www.suite101.com>.
25. Koshlaj L.B, Mikhalevich M.V, Sergienko I.V. Modelirovanie processov zanyatosti i rosta v perekhodnoj ekonomike, Kibernetika i sistemnyj analiz, 1999, № 3, C. 58–75.
26. Karmanov V.G. Matematycheskoe programmyrovanye, M., Nauka, 1980, 256 s.
№ 1/2015
1National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy
Development of innovation activities within knowledge triangle "government-university-industry"
| Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2015; 1:76-88 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2015.01.076 |
ABSTRACT ▼
Article presents the methodological and analytical generalization of the modern practices of the institutional ensuring of the organic cooperation in frame of innovation cycle by the government, Universities and industries. The "Triple Helix" innovation mode is considered in order to undertake the international comparative analysis of Ukraine's competitiveness according to appropriate indicators. Author proposes to improve the Ukrainian current innovation policy through the creation and supporting the special institutional measures regarding to enhancing the interaction between the government, Universities and businesses.
The core of the proposed conceptual model is the Schumpeterian theory of economic development and its policy implications in the economically successful countries which have become such because they constantly generate new commercialized knowledge in the forms of process and product innovations. Therefore, dynamic and successful countries consider the transformation of institutions that promote the development of knowledge and innovation potential among the immediate reform measures. It concerns the reform of the institutions of education and science, infrastructure of transfer of innovative technologies, supporting of innovation in all areas of life, providing a major international integration of the country to the world educational, scientific and innovative ecosystem.
In order to realize such approach, the developed countries have transformed the forms and methods of innovation policy by building the new effective managerial and organizational conditions to activate the processes of generating and commercializing innovations through changing their innovation mode: from the "linear" model of innovation cycle to the "cooperative" one, i.e. to the "Triple Helix" mode. These methodological and practical transformations have changed radically the role and significance of the forms of interaction between institutions of science, education and business in the innovation process and have raised the role of Universities. This led to the formation of a new type of university – Entrepreneurial University.
It is important to create in Ukraine a special institutional background to build a "cooperative" model innovation cycle, to develop and adopt regulations that will promote processes of self-organization in the area of innovation cooperation of research institutions and universities on the one hand, and business and government agencies - on the other. In this context the problem of greater autonomy for universities becomes very urgent. Also, this autonomy can help ensure a greater diversification of the sources of funding (through commercial relations with businesses and government agencies under innovation cycle) and to become more flexible and mobile in answering the challenges of external market environment.
Keywords: University's innovation policy, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Triple Helix&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; concept, innovation cycle, innovation ecosystem &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Government – University – Indu
JEL: I25, O25, O32, O38
| Article in English (pp. 76 - 88) | Download | Downloads :853 |
| Article in Ukrainian (pp. 76 - 88) | Download | Downloads :774 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Europe 2020: A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth (2010). European Commission.
3. Bazhal, Yu. M. (2013). Conceptual framework and content strategy for economic growth of the European Union in the XXI century. Strategy of economic growth of the European Union. Kyiv: Pul'sary, 11-50 [in Ukrainian].
4. Nelson, R. (Ed.) (1993). National systems of innovation: A comparative study. Oxford University Press.
5. Regional Innovation Scoreboard (2014). European Union.
6. Science and Engineering Indicators. National Science Board (2014). Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
7. Etzkowitz, H. (2008). The Triple Helix: University-Industry-Government Innovation in Action. Routledge. doi: doi.org/10.4324/9780203929605
8. Semynozhenko, V. (2013). Is it possible in Ukraine an innovative leap? Dzerkalo tyzhnia. Ukraina – Zerkalo Nedeli. Ukraine, 17 May [in Ukrainian].
9. Halan, N.I. (2010). Japanese universities in the "triple helix": example Tohoku. Nauka ta innovatsii – Science and Innovation, Vol. 6, 3, 55-65 [in Ukrainian].
10. Law of Ukraine on Higher Education (2014). Kyiv: Vydavnychyj Dim "In Yure" [in Ukrainian].
11. Audretsch, D., Leyden, D., Link., A. (2012). Universities as Research Partners in Publicly Supported Entrepreneurial Firms. WP 12-2, University of North Carolina at Greensboro. doi: doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2012.656523
12.Thorp, H., Goldstein, B. (2010). Engines of Innovation: The Entrepreneurial University in the Twenty-First Century. The University of North Karolina Press.
13. Sengupta, S. (2013). The Pentagon as Silicon Valley's Incubator, New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com/2013/08/23/technology/the-pentagon-as-start-up-incubator.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
14. Townsend, A.M. (2013). Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. W.W.Norton & Company, Inc.
15. Creative Knowledge Cities. Myths, Visions and Realities. Marina van Geenhuizen, Peter Nijkamp (Eds.) (2012). Edward Elgar Pbl.
16. Batty M. (2013). The New Science of Cities. MIT Press.
17. Grimaldi, R., Kenney, M., Siegel, D. S. and Wright, M. (2011). 30 years after Bayh-Dole: Reassessing academic entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 40, 1045-1057. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.04.005
18. Patents Awarded to U.S. Universities. National Science Foundation (2011), Retrieved from www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind93/chap5/doc/5e293.htm
19. Mowery, D.C., Nelson, R.R., Sampat, B.N. and Ziedonis, A.A. (2004). Ivory tower and industrial innovation: University-industry technology before and after the Bayh-Dole Act in the United States. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
20. Macdonald, S. (2009). Seducing the goose. Patenting by UK Universities. University of Sheffield. Retrieved from www.stuartmacdonald.org.uk/pdfs/goose.pdf
21. Azagra-Caro, J. (2010). Do public research organisations own most patents invented by their staff? Science and Public Policy, 38 (3), 237-250.
22. Geuna, A., Rossi, F. (2011). Changes to university IPR regulations in Europe and the impact on academic Patenting. Research Policy, 40, 1068-1076. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.05.008
23. Kodama, T. (2008). The role of intermediation and absorptive capacity in facilitating university–industry linkages – An empirical study of TAMA in Japan. Research Policy, 37, 1224-1240. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.014
24. Tijssen, R. (2012). R&D globalization processes and university–industry research cooperation: Measurement and indicators. CWTS Working Paper Series, CWTS-WP-2012-009. Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University.
25. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a triple helix of university-industry-government relation. Research Policy, 29, 109-123. doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
26. Altmann, Andreas, Ebersberger, Bernd (Eds.). (2013). Universities in Change: Managing Higher Education Institutions in the Age of Globalization, Springer, 372 p.
27. Study on University-Business Cooperation in the US. Final report (EAC-2011-0469), LSE Enterprise, 2013.
28. Slaughter, S. and Larry, Leslie. (1997). Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies and the Entrepreneurial Universities. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.
29. Godin, B., Gingras, Y. (2000). The place of universities in the system of knowledge production. Research Policy, 29, 273-278. doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00065-7
30. Almeida, M.C., Mello, J.M.C. and Etzkowitz, H. (2012). Social innovation in a developing country: invention and diffusion of the Brazilian Cooperative Incubator'. International Journal of Technology and Globalisation, 6, 206-224. doi: doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2012.048326
31. Kobzeva, L.V. (2013). The Entrepreneurial University: how to integrate the university into the economy in the new decade. Retrieved from innclub.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/kobzeva_56_obr_00_YTR.doc
32. Grudzinskij, A.O. (2004). Project-oriented university. Nizhnij Novgorod : Izd-vo Nizhegorodskogo gosudarstvennogo un-ta.
33. Salter, A.J., Martin, B.R. (2001). The economic benefits of publicly funded basic research: a critical review. Research Policy, 30, 509-532. doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00091-3
34. Mansfield, Ed. (1991). Academic Research and Industrial Innovations. Research Policy, 20, 1-12. doi: doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(91)90080-A
35. Etzkowitz, H. (2003). Research groups as 'quasi-firms': The invention of the entrepreneurial university. Research Policy, 32, 109. doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00009-4
№ 3/2017
1National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy
Implementation of the "triple helix" model in innovation ecosystem of Ukraine
| Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2017; 3:124-139 | https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2017.03.124 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article presents an analysis of the interaction between Universities, industry, the state, and scientific institutions in Ukraine in context of the implementation of "triple helix" model of the inno-vation management. This model ensures the successful and efficient processes of the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements. International comparative analysis has been pre-sented, which showed that Ukraine is significantly behind the world trends in the development of interaction between higher educational institutions, industry, the state, and scientific institutions in this context. It is shown that Ukrainian stakeholders of the linear innovation cycle have a low level of cooperation that determines the low final economic results and effectiveness of the national innovation ecosystem, despite some progress in the intermediate stages of the innovation cycle. The presented statistical analyses demonstrate that fundamental scientific potential of Ukrainian Universities has been very poorly transformed into innovative industrial designs and in relevant commercialized innovative products. This lack is also due to objective reasons in Ukrainian legislation, which does not consider the budget organizations, including universities and research institutions, as entrepreneurial entities entitled to receive income in the form of profit. The article proposes the managerial model "triple helix" as the measure to improve this situation. It is important to transform the existing linear model of innovation cycle in Ukraine for conversion to cooperative model, and the adoption of appropriate special legislation for this.
The carried on analysis has shown that Ukraine has considerable financial potential for economic support of the "triple helix" model. Each institutional component of the innovation cycle, working separately, cannot effectively provide the final commercial result of innovation. This is due to the fact that each such institution lacks creative cooperation and the use of achievements received by another institution that works at another stage of the innovation cycle. Accordingly, the low final innovative performance of each staker of the innovation process limits the interest of investors in financing innovative processes. This applies to both private and public investors, including the Ministry of Finance. The "triple helix" model allows us to eliminate this shortcoming, and to successfully bring innovations to the final commercial stage of the innovation cycle, which will create a positive financial result that will in turn attract investors for all the institutional constituents.
In framework of this managerial approach, it is necessary to significantly increase the role and motivation of Ukrainian Universities to influence all processes of innovation cycle, because these institutions naturally become the system-forming centers of the "triple helix" model. To accomplish this task, it is possible to use the already well-developed experience of NTUU "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" that has become realistic due to adopting for this University a special law that stimulated its innovative activity. The analysis has shown the existence of significant innovation potential of the several dozen Ukrainian Universities to complete their beginner stages of innovative cycles for the commercial mode. Therefore, one of the most urgent and quick legislative steps for the transition to the "Triple helix" model in Ukraine may be the adoption of a legal document similar to the Law on Science Park "Kyiv Polytechnic", for the majority of universities of Ukraine, which are ready to become entrepreneurial Universities.
Keywords: innovations, managerial models of innovation cycle, "Triple helix" model, entrepreneurial University, innovation policy of higher educational institutions of Ukraine
JEL: I 25, L 32, L 35, O 38
| Article in Ukrainian (pp. 124 - 139) | Download | Downloads :814 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Berman, E.P. (2012). Creating the market university: How academic science become an economic engine. Princeton: Princeton University Press. doi: doi.org/10.1515/9781400840472
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6. Slaughter, S., Rhoades, G. (2009). Academic Capitalism and the New Economy. Markets, State and Higher Education. U.S.A.: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
7. Research Universities: Global Experience and Development Prospects in Ukraine. (2014). Kyiv: KNEU [in Ukrainian].
8. Tulchynska, S.O. (2011). The role of research Universities in the formation of knowledge economy. Stalyj rozvytok ekonomiky – Sustainable development of the economy, 5, 28-31 [in Ukrainian].
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14. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (2000).The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a triple helix of University-industry-government relation. Research Policy 9, 109-123. doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
15. Cottom, T.M., Darity, Jr. W.A. (Eds.). (2017). For-Profit Universities: The Shifting Landscape of Marketized Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan. doi: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47187-7
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1National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy
Financial capitalism and social standards (review of P.Trydiko's book on 'Inequality in financial capitalism')
| Ekon. prognozuvannâ 2017; 3:157-158 |
ABSTRACT ▼
Keywords:
JEL:
| Article in English (pp. 157 - 158) | Download | Downloads :701 |
| Article in Ukrainian (pp. 157 - 158) | Download | Downloads :686 |
REFERENCES ▼
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