Main factors of the Ukrainian Eurointegration strategy formation are analyzed proceeding from possible changes in the balance of forces on the world economic scene, and the existing country’s potential. The article’s conclusion is that the implementation of the Eurointegration development model is possible only on the basis of substantial institutional and structural reforms in Ukraine, which are to make the country able to efficiently compete in open economic environment in the sectors that determine the future of the world economy.

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The article analyzes the evolution of theoretical approaches to the problem of safeguarding external balance in a country's payments, which has exacerbated under the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-09 and the ensuing chronic global instability.
The author argues that methods and instruments of policies employed to safeguard external balance of payments must not be standardized and invariable, and that relative significance of different factors shaping BoP is not similar for countries with differing levels of development, market institutions maturity and economic liberalization. External payment imbalances caused primarily by factors of structural origin require regulative solutions associated not with traditional regulation of foreign exchange rates or customs tariffs but with instruments influencing the correction of the structural parameters of the economy as well as consumer preferences inside the country.
Globalization and spreading international integration substantially modify conditions for BoP shaping and regulation, producing a considerable increase in the risks of spontaneous changes in relative prices and commercial flows, the virtualization of price-formation at specific global markets, and unexpected movements of major liquid capital stocks. To tackle this problem, it is necessary to enhance ever greater coordination of national macro-economic policies based on the principles commonly agreed at global and regional levels.
The obtained results may be used to consolidate the theoretical basis for a policy targeted at BoP regulation under the present-day conditions, especially for countries with explicit structural deformations and high dependence on external markets.

Keywords: balance of payments, BoP crises, currency crises, global financial and economic crisis, institutions of global governance, coordination of economic policies

The article examines the main factors that lead to crises in the development of integration in the EU and the euro area related to the asymmetry in the system of macroeconomic regulation and in the relationship between the Community and national regulations. The author proves the thesis that the crisis in the EU is predetermined by the cyclical development of regional integration processes dependent on Kondratiev long (technological) waves. He summarizes the existing theoretical approaches to the question of disintegration processes and describes possible scenarios for the further evolution of the EU and the euro area, which can be implemented in the direction of either strengthening the institutional integration or disintegration and consolidation of a differentiated (multi-level) integration model. The author concludes that the integration strategy of Ukraine should be adjusted to take into account various options and possible future evolution of the EU. To achieve success, key aspects of such strategy are to become a subject for multi-variant scientific research, which could provide ground for the future adoption of relevant political decisions.

Keywords: European Union, European integration, disintegration, the Eurozone, the Economic and Monetary Union, crisis processes, scenarios of integration (disintegration)

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The article, which consists of two parts, discusses the issues of long-term structural shifts in the Ukrainian economy against the background of structural transformations in the world economy during the last quarter-century. The author reveals main structural disproportions, deformations and their causes, associated not only with institutional imperfections, but also with the lack of strategic approaches to economic development and innovative passivity. In a generalized form, the article describes the main challenges that arise for a national economy in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution unfolding in the world. In this context, the paper exposes the serious imbalances in the development policy of Ukraine regarding science, education and innovation. It formulates the main principles on which the strategically oriented development policy of the country should be built under the conditions of cardinal global economic and technological transformations.

Keywords: structure of the economy, structural changes, structural transformations, world economy, development strategy, technological development, innovations, the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The second part of this article exposes that the world economy has entered into a period of radical transformations driven by a new wave of technological innovation, which are now characterized as the Forth Industrial Revolution. These transformational processes are systemic and lead to the formation of qualitatively new structural characteristics of the global economy, which in their aggregate signify the emergence of a new technological paradigm and a new socio-economic organization of human life. These changes will have a cardinal impact on all the structures of the world economy, the modes of business organization as well as the priorities and methods of macroeconomic regulation and support to economic growth and development. The mentioned global changes will be a radical, essentially existential, challenge not only to a number of industries, but also to national economies.
Ukraine's participation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution is greatly complicated by the existing structural disproportions in the economy and its educational and scientific potential. The most dangerous disproportions in the structure of education in Ukraine are associated with a very low percentage of tertiary specialists in the field of natural sciences. Ukraine significantly lags behind the world's innovation leaders, including not only developed but also many developing countries.
The author postulates that Ukraine has faced the dilemma: either to join the leading trends of economic development under the impact of the latest technologies, or to find itself in the periphery of the world economy and the entire global civilization. The an-swer to this challenge can be found only within the framework of a strategically oriented national development policy, a change in the economic philosophy (outlook) underpinning economic behavior in Ukraine, and the spread of a "culture of long-term vision" among managers at all levels. The principles of Ukraine's long-term policy should encompass stimulation of demand for innovative products and corresponding changes in consumer preferences, diversification and changes in the structure of capital (the priority of human and intellectual capital), rendering the factor of trust the role of a key economic asset, reliance on the country's own cultural basis of development, and provision of development security.

Keywords: structure of the economy, structural changes, structural transformations, world economy, development strategy, technological development, innovations, the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The article examines the growing trends of institutionalization of the globale-commerce. It reveals the multilevel and multifaceted character of this process, which extends to the policies of both national states and international organizations and regional associations, and involves both state and non-state structures.
The identified main changes in national institutional systems related to digital transformation embrace include: a clearer definition of strategic priorities and tools for stimulating investment in digital infrastructure and developing digital competences; creation of free e-commerce zones; and implementation of a sound legal frame-work for digital transactions focusing on consumer protection, personal data and intellectual property, guaranteeing cybersecurity, promoting competition and enhancing competitiveness for small, medium and micro-enterprises. At the same time, there is an increase in ”electronic protectionism” and measures to restrict the freedom of commercial operations in cyberspace.
The author argues that the global nature of cyberspace determines the centrality of global and regional international organizations in the creation of the latest institutional digital trade formats. A key role in the mechanisms of global regulation of e-commerce should be played by the World Trade Organization, which requires adjustments and innovations in its mechanisms and agreements, in particular for the implementation of regulatory standards for the innovative institutional e-business formats. At the same time, there is a process of forming a network of international organizations for digital trade regulation, with increased differentiation and specialization, on the one hand, and coordination and cooperation of their regulatory functions – on the other hand. Regional policies and regulatory institutions, as well as regional integration associations play an important role in this system. However, the institutional support for digital commerce at the regional level is characterized by a considerable level of heterogeneity, and driven by cultural traditions and differences in the levels of socio-economic development.
Prepared within the research on ”Formation of the Institutions of International Electronic Commerce in the Conditions of Emerging Information and Network Based Economy” topic of ”Research on the Institutional Architectonics of Information and Network Economics” project at the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine" (2018-2020), state registration No 0117U001686.

Keywords:international organizations, e-commerce, digital trade (commerce), digital infrastructure, trade policy, national and international trade regulation, international organizations and associations, international law

The article considers various global factors influencing rural development under the conditions of liberalization of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. The author assesses the impact of global processes and global capital on the development of national farms, income distribution, access to land resources, production processes and equitable development in this country. It is proved that globalization, leading to increased concentration of agri-food production and business and expanding the role of large transnationalized corporations, is primarily aimed at exploiting the country’s existing comparative advantages, rather than increasing them, and promotes, in many recipient countries, a model of double economy split in the technological and socio-economic dimensions into qualitatively heterogeneous sectors.
The author concludes that although global factors of agricultural production may have a relatively positive impact in macroeconomic terms, the dominance of multinational (transnational) companies, large exporting companies and financially powerful sovereign welfare funds in the market may create risks and threats of crowding out Ukrainian farmers from the market and blocking the sustainable development of rural areas. At the same time, Ukraine's agricultural sector will be transformed into a raw-material link of global food production chains dominated by large transnationalized entities, and a kind of raw-material enclave of transnationalized production will be created within the Ukrainian economy.
The article argues that in today's global economy, where cardinal transformations are taking place and uncertainty is growing, land will become an increasingly valuable asset, attractive not only to agricultural producers but also to land speculators and those who try to maintain the value of their assets under the conditions of growing global risks. Under such conditions, investment in land will not at all necessarily contribute to the development of agricultural production, because speculative capital in the face of widespread expectations of a long and significant upward trend in land prices will prevail over productive agricultural capital. In general, this might lead to a significant increase in the cost of agricultural production and food prices.
The author proves that the liberalization of the land market leads to increased risks of transfer of the control over Ukraine’s land resources to foreigners (sovereign financial funds and major international corporations), given their dramatic advantage by available financial resources for land acquisition, compared to those possessed by Ukraine’s residents.
The article substantiates a set of policy measures and national policy instruments necessary to minimize the risks associated with the introduction (in the context of globalization) of free purchase and sale of agricultural land, which comply with the regulation principles of the European Union.
Prepared within the scientific project on "Spatial justice in land use for sustainable development of rural areas", under completion in accordance with the Resolution of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine of 23.12.2020 No 296 (state registration No 0120U100816).

Keywords:agricultural land market, rural development, globalization, global capital, multinational (transnational) corporations, sovereign development funds, economic and social risks and threats

In this article, prepared as part of the creative discussion on the problems raised in Sergio Mariotti's paper regarding various global economic aspects related to the Russian-Ukrainian war, the author argues that, despite the obvious tendencies towards greater global protectionism, one should not excessively expand the meaning of the term "protectionism" thus concealing the recent trends towards direct government interventionism in the functioning of international markets, which makes the very concept of "free market" increasingly conditional. Turning to the repeatability in the present of certain trends of the past (called “rhyming”), which is another important message in S. Mariotti's article, the author emphasizes the need to consider this phenomenon not as a regrettable and undesirable coincidence, but as a natural consequence of the principle of cyclicality in economic development and the wave-like nature of long-term development trends.
The article proves that one can not overcome undesirable and dangerous global trends just by calling for peace, cooperation and better global coordination based on the established principles of institutionalised world order. That purpose requires a truly global thinking in all without exception centers that shape global development policy, and true cooperation in defining the parameters of the future and in solving global problems of humanity. And this is only possible via the formation of a qualitatively new model of globalization, where economic freedom would become the freedom of free development for all.

Keywords:deglobalization, economic nationalism, global protectionism, global value chains, fragmentation, global interdependencies, K-waves, long civilizational waves, Russian-Ukrainian war